Class 12 Marketing Important Questions

Marketing Study Guide

QN. 1 What is marketing? Describe importance and concepts of marketing.

वजारशास्त्र भनेको के हो ? यसको महत्व र व्यवसायिक अवधारणाहरूको वर्णन गर्नुहोस् ।

Marketing is the process of planning and executing the conception, pricing, promotion, and distribution of ideas, goods, and services to create exchanges that satisfy individual and organizational objectives.

Importance of Marketing:

• Helps in increasing sales and profits
• Creates brand awareness and recognition
• Helps in understanding customer needs and preferences
• Facilitates business growth and expansion
• Builds customer loyalty and retention

Marketing Concepts:

• Production Concept
• Product Concept
• Selling Concept
• Marketing Concept
• Societal Marketing Concept

QN. 2 What is marketing mix? Explain its components in brief.

बजार समिश्रण भनेको के हो ? यसका तत्वहरूको वर्णन गर्नुहोस् ।

Marketing Mix refers to the set of tactical marketing tools that a company uses to produce the response it wants from its target market. It consists of everything the firm can do to influence the demand for its product.

Components of Marketing Mix (4Ps):

1. Product: The goods or services offered to customers
2. Price: The amount customers pay for the product
3. Place: The distribution channels used to make the product available to customers
4. Promotion: The activities used to communicate with customers and persuade them to buy the product

QN. 3 What do you mean by buying motives? Mention its classifications with explanation.

खरिद उद्देश्य भन्नाले के बुझिन्छ ? यसका वर्गिकरण उल्लेख गरी ब्याख्या गर्नुहोस् ।

Buying Motives are the influences or considerations that provide the impulse to buy, induce action, or determine choice in the purchase of goods or services.

Classifications of Buying Motives:

1. Emotional Motives: Based on feelings and emotions (e.g., pride, fear, affection)
2. Rational Motives: Based on logical reasoning and economic considerations (e.g., durability, economy, utility)
3. Product Motives: Related to the product itself (e.g., quality, price, design)
4. Patronage Motives: Related to the place of purchase (e.g., location, service, reputation)

QN 4. What is warehousing? Discuss the functions of warehousing and transportation in marketing.

गोदाम भन्नले के बुझिन्छ ? बजारशास्त्रमा गोदाम र यातायातको कार्यहरूबारे छलफल गर्नुहोस् ।

Warehousing refers to the activities involving storage of goods on a large scale in a systematic and orderly manner and making them available when needed.

Functions of Warehousing:

• Storage of goods
• Protection of goods
• Risk bearing
• Financing
• Processing
• Grading and branding

Functions of Transportation:

• Movement of goods
• Place utility creation
• Time utility creation
• Price stabilization
• Employment generation

QN 5. What is marketing environment? Explain the internal and external components of marketing environment.

बजारशास्त्र वातावरण भन्नले कु बुझिन्छ ? यसका आन्तरीक र वाह्य वातावरणिय तत्वहरूको व्याख्या गर्नुहोस् ।

Marketing Environment refers to the external and internal factors and forces that affect the company's ability to develop and maintain successful transactions and relationships with its target customers.

Internal Environment Components:

• Company's mission and objectives
• Organizational structure
• Company resources (human, financial, physical)
• Company culture
• Marketing mix elements

External Environment Components:

• Microenvironment: Customers, competitors, suppliers, intermediaries, public
• Macroenvironment: Demographic, economic, natural, technological, political, cultural forces

QN 6. What is consumer product? Explain the different types of consumer product.

उपभोक्ता वस्तु भनेको के हो ? उपभोक्ता वस्तुका विभिन्न प्रकारहरू व्याख्या गर्नुहोस् ।

Consumer Products are products bought by final consumers for personal consumption.

Types of Consumer Products:

1. Convenience Products: Frequently purchased with minimal effort (e.g., toothpaste, newspapers)
2. Shopping Products: Compared on quality, price, and style (e.g., furniture, clothing)
3. Specialty Products: Unique characteristics with strong brand preference (e.g., luxury cars, designer clothes)
4. Unsought Products: Products that consumers don't normally think of buying (e.g., life insurance, funeral services)

QN7. Define pricing? Explain the objectives and importance of pricing.

मूल्य निर्धारण भनेको के हो ? मूल्य निर्धारणका उद्देश्य तथा महत्वहरू वर्णन गर्नुहोस् ।

Pricing is the process of determining what a company will receive in exchange for its products or services.

Objectives of Pricing:

• Profit maximization
• Market share leadership
• Survival
• Product quality leadership
• Status quo maintenance

Importance of Pricing:

• Affects company's profitability
• Influences customer perception
• Determines market position
• Affects product demand
• Impacts competitive advantage

QN8. What is departmental store? Differentiate between departmental store and super market.

विभागिय भण्डार भनेको के हो ? विभागिय भण्डार र विशाल वजार विच भन्न्ता छुट्याउनुहोस् ।

Departmental Store is a large retail establishment offering a wide range of consumer goods in different product categories known as "departments".

Basis of Difference	Departmental Store	Super Market
Product Range	Wide variety of products	Mainly food and household items
Pricing	Higher prices	Lower prices
Services	More personalized services	Self-service
Location	Central business districts	Residential areas
Target Customers	Higher income groups	All income groups

QN9. What is sales promotion? Explain the different method of sales promotion.

विक्रि प्रवर्धन भनेको के हो ? विक्रि प्रवर्धनका प्रकारहरू व्याख्या गर्नुहोस् ।

Sales Promotion refers to short-term incentives to encourage the purchase or sale of a product or service.

Methods of Sales Promotion:

1. Consumer Promotions: Coupons, samples, premiums, contests, rebates
2. Trade Promotions: Discounts, allowances, free goods, push money
3. Business Promotions: Conventions, trade shows, sales contests
4. Sales Force Promotions: Bonuses, contests, sales meetings

QN10. What is internet marketing? Explain its features.

इन्टरनेट वजारशास्त्र भनेको के हो ? यसका विशेषताहरू उल्लेख गर्नुहोस् ।

Internet Marketing (also known as digital marketing) is the process of promoting products or services using digital channels to reach consumers.

Features of Internet Marketing:

• Global reach and accessibility
• Cost-effectiveness compared to traditional marketing
• Measurable results and analytics
• Interactive and engaging
• Targeted and personalized approach
• 24/7 availability
• Easy to update and modify campaigns

All the best for your exams!