Class 12 Account Syllabus

Unit 1: Company Accounting

• 1.1 Corporate Concept
  • Company: Meaning, features, private vs. public company.
  • Company documents: Memorandum of Association, Articles of Association, Prospectus.
• 1.2 Accounting for Share
  • Share Capital: Meaning, types, features of shares.
  • Ordinary vs. Preference shares.
  • Provisions of Nepal Company Act.
  • Methods of issue: Lump-sum, installments, forfeiture, re-issue, minimum subscription, under/over-subscription.
  • Issue of shares: At par, premium, discount, for cash, and for consideration other than cash.
• 1.3 Accounting for Debentures
  • Debentures: Meaning, features, importance, types.
  • Difference between shares and debentures.
  • Issue of debentures: For cash, for consideration other than cash, as collateral security.
  • Redemption: Lump-sum, installment, conversion.

Unit 2: Company Financial Statements

• 2.1 Corporate Financial Statements
  • Preparation of financial statements (traditional & modern under NAS/NFRS).
  • With and without adjustments.
  • Statement of Changes in Shareholders’ Equity.
• 2.2 Worksheet
  • Worksheet: Meaning, need, and preparation.
• 2.3 Cash Flow Statement
  • Meaning, importance.
  • Direct and indirect methods (based on worksheet or comparative balance sheet).

Unit 3: Cost Accounting

• 3.1 Concept of Cost Accounting
  • Meaning, objectives, importance, limitations.
  • Difference between cost and financial accounting.
  • Methods of costing.
• 3.1.2 Cost Concepts and Classification
  • Meaning and types of cost.
• 3.2 Material and Material Control Accounting
  • Meaning, objectives, purchase procedure.
  • Centralized vs. decentralized purchasing.
  • Material storage and storekeeper duties.
  • Valuation methods: FIFO, LIFO, Average.
  • Stock levels and EOQ.
• 3.3 Accounting for Labor
  • Meaning, importance.
  • Labor cost control.
  • Wage systems: Piece rate, Time rate.
• 3.4 Accounting for Overhead
  • Meaning, classification.
  • Allocation, apportionment, absorption.
• 3.5 Unit or Production Cost Determination
  • Meaning, elements, importance.
  • Cost sheet: Historical and Tender.
• 3.7 Cost Reconciliation Statement
  • Meaning, reasons for differences.
  • Preparation of reconciliation statement.

Unit 4: Use of Computers in Accounting

• 4.1 Use of Computers in Accounting
  • Computer system: Meaning, elements, importance, limitations.
  • Accounting process & information sources.
  • Excel tasks: Depreciation schedule, loan amortization, payroll sheet.
• 4.1.2 Use of Accounting Software
  • Features of accounting software.
  • Company creation, masters, and report generation.