Class 12 Business Studies Syllabus

1. Nature of Management (12 Hours)

• Management: meaning and essentials
• Management as science, art and profession
• Key management functions: planning, organizing, leading, controlling
• Levels of management

2. Classical Management Perspective (8 Hours)

• Scientific management: principles and limitations
• Administrative management: principles and limitations

3. Planning and Decision Making (15 Hours)

• Planning: concept and rationale
• Process of planning
• Benefits and pitfalls of planning
• Types of plans
• Decision making: meaning and importance
• Types of managerial decisions
• Decision making conditions: certainty, risk, uncertainty
• Decision making process

4. Organizing (25 Hours)

• Organizing: concept and principles
• Organizing process
• Departmentalization: meanings and bases
• Organizational structure: simple, functional, divisional, matrix, committee
• Authority, responsibility, accountability
• Centralization and decentralization
• Arguments for/against centralization and decentralization
• Guidelines for effective delegation
• Challenges in delegation
• Differences: delegation vs decentralization

5. Leading (8 Hours)

• Leading: meaning and importance
• Manager as a leader
• Leadership qualities
• Leadership styles: autocratic, democratic, laissez-faire

6. Controlling (6 Hours)

• Controlling: meaning and importance
• Process of control: pre-control, concurrent control, post-control
• Essentials of effective control

7. Other Management Functions (22 Hours)

• Motivation: meaning and importance
• Motivation techniques
• Theories: Maslow’s Hierarchy, Herzberg’s Two-Factor Theory
• Supervision: meaning and role
• Factors influencing supervision
• Communication: meaning and importance
• Essentials of effective communication
• Types: horizontal, vertical, diagonal
• Barriers to communication

8. Contemporary Issues in Management (16 Hours)

• Conflict management: meaning, sources, levels
• Talent management: meaning and importance
• Quality management: meaning and components
• Supply chain management: meaning and importance
• Family business management: nature and roles

9. Business Letter Writing (15 Hours)

• Business letter: meaning and uses
• Structure of business letters
• Qualities of business letters
• Drafting: enquiry, order, confirmation, complaint, job application

10. Business Plan (8 Hours)

• Introduction to business plan
• Significance of business plan
• Contents of business plan
• Formulating a business plan